Last Friday, President Donald Trump signed into law a US$1.3 trillion spending bill to fund the US government through the rest of fiscal year (FY) 2018.
Reluctantly signed by the President among a flurry of “will he, won’t he” tweets, the legislation represents a forceful rebuke by Congress of the Administration’s proposal to drastically slash funding for global health and medical research programs.
Key US agencies and programs that advance global health research and development (R&D) not only saw their funding protected in the spending bill, but
many also saw increases. This outcome demonstrates that our community’s appeals and messages have not fallen on deaf ears and that Congressional policymakers
on both sides of the aisle want to see the United States continue its leadership in advancing innovation to improve the health of those in need around
the world.
Here are some of the key takeaways from the 2,000+-page bill:
US Agency for International Development & State Department
While the Trump Administration proposed slashing funding for global health programs at the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the State
Department by 25 percent, Congress stood firm in protecting these programs. The bill ultimately sustained overall funding for these programs at FY17
enacted levels. A few programs received increases including a boost of $15 million for GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance; $20 million for tuberculosis (TB);
and $15 million for maternal and child health. Funding for USAID HIV and AIDS programming and family planning at State and USAID, which the President proposed
eliminating fully, was protected at FY17 levels. Congress also directed $135 million from repurposed Ebola emergency supplemental funding to support
USAID’s global health security programs.
USAID plays a leading role in developing health technologies for low-resource settings through its various global health programs, so it is critical that
these programs receive adequate funding, so they can continue to prioritize R&D among their other activities. In light of the President’s proposal
for deep cuts to these programs, a combination of level funding for some programs and increases for others is a positive sign in the midst of a challenging
budget environment.
National Institutes of Health
Strong bipartisan support for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) continued for FY18. While the President proposed a 21 percent cut to NIH funding,
the final spending bill instead provided the agency with an increase of $3 billion—8.8 percent—over FY17 levels. This represents a historic
funding high for NIH in actual dollars with increases spread across various NIH institutes and programs. Notably, the National Institute of Allergy
and Infectious Diseases received a 7.2 percent increase—39 percent above the President’s FY17 request—while the Fogarty International Center,
which was targeted by the Administration for elimination, received a boost of 5.2 percent compared to FY17.
NIH is the world’s leading funder of R&D for neglected diseases, providing approximately 40 percent of total global funding, so any changes to its
funding produce a ripple effect felt by global health research institutes and people around the world. It is encouraging to see Congress continue its
record of bipartisan support for NIH and take action to strengthen our nation’s leadership in medical research.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also received a plus up in the FY18 omnibus. The agency saw its funding increased by $1.1 billion—nearly
15 percent—over FY17 levels. This was in sharp contrast to the 16 percent cuts proposed by the Administration. The CDC Center for Global Health
(CGH) received a 12 percent increase, compared to a 21 percent proposed cut. This included a $1.5 million boost for parasitic disease and malaria and
a substantial increase of $50 million for global health security programming, which supports implementation of the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA).
Funding for global immunization and AIDS programming within CGH remained level. The National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases also
received a more modest 5 percent increase over FY17 funding.
CDC plays a critical role in advancing technologies and improving health systems to better detect, prevent, and respond to infectious disease threats worldwide.
There was much concern surrounding the FY18 budget for CDC as the agency is facing a
funding cliff. CDC and USAID received $1 billion from the Ebola emergency supplement to fund GHSA, but this money is set to run
out in 2019. As a result, the agency has already announced plans to scale back its GHSA work in 39 of 49 countries. While more funding is still needed
to sustain these programs, and the agency has yet to clarify how it will adjust programming in light of its FY18 appropriations; it is promising to
see Congressional appropriators recognize the value of CDC’s engagement in improving global health security.
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority
The Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), which develops medical countermeasures against health threats including emerging infectious
diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), also received a boost in the FY18 spending bill. The agency saw its funding increased by $25 million—about
5 percent—over FY17 levels.
BARDA has played an
increasing role in R&D for naturally occurring threats and emerging infectious diseases in response to the Ebola and Zika epidemics.
With its focus on bridging the “valley of death” in product development and its ability to use unique contracting mechanisms to forge innovative and
long-term private-sector partnerships, BARDA is well positioned to make an impact in this space. However, the agency has been constrained by a lack
of dedicated funding for its emerging infectious disease portfolio. While it is promising to see appropriators increase the agency’s overall funding
for FY18, GHTC will be pushing for
more dedicated funding for emerging infectious diseases in FY19.
Department of Defense
The Department of Defense’s (DoD) activities in infectious disease research also saw increases in the omnibus. DoD’s Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program—a
program that conducts research on AMR, diarrheal diseases, emerging infectious diseases, malaria, TB, and vaccine development for infectious diseases—received
$330 million in funding, which is an increase of $30 million over FY17 levels.
The FY18 spending bill is a big win for global health R&D stakeholders and advocates, but this victory may only be temporary. The legislation funds
the government through the end of September, and the Trump Administration has once against
proposed drastic cuts to global health and medical-research programs for FY19. So while the ink dries on this year’s spending bill
and we take a moment to celebrate, GHTC is already gearing up for another difficult battle ahead on next year’s budget.